云梦学刊

《商君书》是先秦时期诸子国家效能思想研究的杰出代表，它开启了以效能为核心对国家起源、运行、分类等问题的思考。《商君书》认为，国家效能是国家作为行为主体在维持其统治合法性基础上运用国内资源实现持续发展的能力，国家效能集中展现在对民力资源进行生、抟、杀的过程中。根据效能运行状况，《商君书》将国家分为“攻敌之国”“自攻之国”“必乱之国”“必亡之国”四种类型，并明确将高效能的“攻敌之国”作为强国建设目标。《商君书》中的效能主义国家思想，为战国时期的国家走出东周大变局指引了一条明确道路，回答了在激烈竞争的国际环境中“需要什么样的国家”以及“如何建设国家”的问题。这种传统效能主义国家思想是我们推进国家建设的本土思想资源，为当前全面建设社会主义现代化强国提供了重要的历史镜鉴。

The Book of Shang Jun is an outstanding representative of the study of state effectiveness thought among the pre-Qin philosophers. It initiated a core discussion on the origin, operation, and categorization of states from the perspective of effectiveness. The Book of Shang Jun proposes that state effectiveness is a state's capability, as an actor, to utilize domestic resources to achieve sustained development while maintaining the legitimacy of its rule. The process is concentrated on the generation, accumulation, and utilization of the people's resources. Based on the operational status of effectiveness, The Book of Shang Jun classifies states into four categories: “states that attack their enemies” “states that attack themselves” “states doomed to chaos” and “states doomed to perish” and it explicitly places the high-efficient “states that attack their enemies” as the goal for building a strong nation. The efficacy-oriented thought in The Book of Shang Jun answers the question of what kind of state is needed in an intensely competitive international environment, and how to build such a state. It provides a clear path for China to navigate the great upheaval of the Eastern Zhou period.This traditional notion of state effectiveness serves as a native intellectual resource for advancing national development, offering valuable historical insights for building a modern socialist country today.